latest articles
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Exploring the therapeutic potential of naringin and melatonin in breast cancer: A focus on SKBR3 and MCF-7 cell lines
by Azizpour
M.,
Changizzadeh
B.,
Golbashirzadeh
M.,
Moradzadegan
A.
Summary: Breast cancer is a significant global health issue, particularly in women, and is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Iran. This study investigates the anticancer effects of naringin and melatonin on SKBR3 (HER2+) and MCF-7 (HER2-) breast cancer cell lines.
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Assessment of thyroid profile and mineral status in patients with hypothyroidism – A hospital based case-control study
by Ramesh
N.,
Kumar
D.,
Selvarajan
S.,
Krishnamurthy
S.,
Sathyamurthy
S.
Summary: Thyroid hormones are major contributors to numerous physiological processes in the body. Thyroid disorders are frequently associated with an imbalance in the homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the mineral status of hypothyroid patients and euthyroid controls by determining the serum levels of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. The aim is to identify any significant differences in the concentrations of these minerals between hypothyroid individuals and healthy controls, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the potential metabolic disturbances associated with hypothyroidism.
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The diagnostic value of liquid-based cytology of pleural fluid in malignant pleural effusion: A prospective study
by Vu-Hoai
N.,
Le-Phu
N.,-T.,
Nguyen-Dang
K.,
Duong-Minh
N.,
Tran-Ngoc
N.,
Dang-Vu
T.,
Lam-Quoc
D.
Summary: Pleural effusion (PE) is commonly observed in clinical practice. Conventional smear (CS), cell block (CB), and liquid-based cytology (LBC) of pleural fluid are used to guide the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). However, the effectiveness of these cytological techniques, whether used alone or in combination, is still not well established.
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Melioidosis complicating hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A rare diagnostic entity in paediatric
by Yassin
N., H., M.,
Zain
M., R., M.,
Hamid
I., J., A.,
Kori
A. M. M.
Summary: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a syndrome characterized by excessive immune activation leading to severe systemic inflammation. It encompasses primary and secondary forms, with the latter often triggered by infections. Paediatric cases of melioidosis complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis are rare and diagnostically challenging.
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A case report: Perforation of the small intestine and sigmoid colon due to Kirschner wire migration
by Tran
D.,
Pham
T.,
Luu
D.,
Anh
H.,
Nguyen
P., D.,
Nguyen
Q.,
Hoang
H. N.
Summary: Kirschner wires (K-wires) are extensively utilized in orthopedic and trauma procedures. Several risks associated with K-wires have been documented, including a rare case of intestinal perforation caused by wire migration into the pelvis.
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Artificial intelligence models and predicting implant success
by Nazari
Y.,
Lngeroodi
P.,
Maddahi
M.,
Kobravi
S.,
Amin
M.,
Bargrizaneh
A.,
Fouladi
S.
Summary: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into dental implantology has revolutionized the field, offering enhanced predictive capabilities that empower clinicians to optimize treatment outcomes. By leveraging AI, dental professionals can analyze vast amounts of patient data with unprecedented accuracy and efficiency. This advancement not only improves patient outcomes but also reduces healthcare costs by minimizing complications and streamlining treatment planning. Furthermore, AI paves the way for more personalized and successful patient care. Despite these promising developments, significant research gaps remain. These include understanding how to optimally integrate AI with diverse clinical datasets and addressing variability in patient responses. The integration of AI into dental implantology enhances not only the precision and efficiency of treatment planning and execution but also enables a more tailored approach to patient care. This review explores the potential of machine learning approaches in predicting the success of dental implant procedures. Additionally, it highlights the benefits of combining AI-generated predictions with patient-specific factors, such as bone quality, implant location, and overall health status. By adopting this holistic approach, clinicians can achieve a more accurate and personalized assessment of implant success probability, ultimately improving treatment planning and long-term outcomes.
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Unravelling the role of stem cell-derived exosomes in oral cancer treatment: A review
by Memon
M.,
Shahidan
W., N., S.,
Mahmood
R.,
Kannan
T., P.,
Mustaffa
K., M., F.,
Mohamad
S.,
Mizusawa
N.
Summary: Oral cancer is the sixteenth most prevalent cancer globally, with Asian countries accounting for two-thirds of cases. Despite advancements in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, late diagnosis, the absence of specific biomarkers, and the high cost of treatment result in poor outcomes. Tumor recurrence remains a significant challenge, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. One promising avenue is the study of exosomes, which carry biomolecules like proteins, lipids, DNA, RNA, and microRNA, playing a key role in intercellular communication and the tumor microenvironment. Stem-cell-derived exosomes could revolutionize cancer therapy by targeting tumors and modulating immune responses. MicroRNAs within these exosomes are crucial in cancer progression, metastasis, and aggressiveness, contributing to high recurrence rates in oral cancer.
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Mitochondria in the reproduction system and mitotherapy in assisted reproductive technology: the importance of mitochondria selection
by Phan
O., T., H.,
Trinh
T., T., C.,
Nguyen
V. T. T.
Summary: Mitochondria are central to energy production and are crucial for the proper operation of the reproductive system. Mitochondrial function and capacity determine whether germ cells are fertilizable, and embryos can safely reach developmental expectations. Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and defects in mitochondrial DNA result in low birth rates, infertility, and, more seriously, unhealthy offspring with inherited and irreversible metabolic diseases. In recent years, mitochondrial transfer and transplantation have contributed greatly to the field of assisted reproductive technology, especially with advances in biotechnology. Much effort has been invested in refining mitotherapy techniques, aiming at improving the safety, efficacy, and accessibility of the treatment, while reducing costs, labor, and ethical issues. Recent research has shown numerous changes in the approaches with innovative ideas and new materials. This review highlights the role of mitochondria in the reproductive system and the current efforts to improve the outcomes in ART cases with mitochondrial issues. We also summarize different types of mitochondrial transplantation techniques and emphasize the importance of mitochondria selection for reproductive purposes.
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Non-achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal and related factors among elderly outpatients in Viet Nam: A cross-sectional study
by Ho
D., S.,
Le
T., V.,
Dinh
H., C.,
Nguyen
T.,
Ngo
D., K.,
Nguyen
C. D.
Summary: Dyslipidemia, particularly elevated serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), plays a crucial role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to determine the rate of LDL-C non-achievement according to the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society 2019 (ESC/EAS 2019) guidelines and related factors in the elderly.
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Nocturnal high blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease
by Do
T., M.,
Nguyen
S., V.,
Vo
D., T.,
Tran
H., L.,
Nguyen
S., T.,
Pham
D. T. M.
Summary: Patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a heightened risk of developing masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH), leading to hypertension-induced organ damage. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of MUCH and to investigate risk factors of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in those with CKD.
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Unveiling the anticancer effect of citral through inhibition of stemness in estrogen-positive breast cancer
by Rusli
M., E., F., B.,
Rosli
R., B.,
Allegrucci
C.,
Saad
N.
Summary: Breast cancer remains a significant challenge due to disease recurrence and metastasis, often attributed to the persistence of treatment-resistant breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Citral, a compound derived from lemongrass essential oil, has demonstrated cytotoxic effects on various cancers, including breast cancer. This study investigates the anticancer mechanisms of Citral in BCSC-enriched 3D cultured spheroids and evaluates its therapeutic potential for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with rare metastases to the thyroid gland and supraclavicular lymph node: a case report
by Nguyen
D.,
Dao
H.,
Dinh
T.,
Vu
D.,
Dang
C.
Summary: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a propensity for metastatic spread. Metastasis to the thyroid gland is a rare occurrence, with few reported cases in the literature. This report presents a rare case of advanced ESCC with metastases to the thyroid and supraclavicular lymph node, highlighting the importance of considering metastatic disease in patients with unusual thyroid lesions and a history of ESCC.
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Evaluating the efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy in breast cancer patients non-responsive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A clinical trial
by Muslumanoglu
M.,
Ozkurt
E.,
Emiroglu
S.,
Ibis
K.,
Abuaisha
A.,
Tukenmez
M.,
Cabioglu
N.,
Igci
A.,
Ozmen
V.,
Kucucuk
N.
Summary: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a prevalent treatment strategy for patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Achieving a pathologic complete response (pCR) is a critical determinant of favorable outcomes. To enhance response rates, some clinicians have incorporated radiotherapy (RT) prior to surgery.
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Application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of haematological disorders
by Almbaidin
H.,
Abeden
Z.,
Alhawamdeh
M.,
Nazman
H., N., M.,
Hamdani
H., Y.,
Yusoff
N., M.,
Isa
A.
Summary: There is a broad spectrum of hematological diseases, and their origins can be attributed to a variety of factors, including genetic abnormalities such as leukemia, sickle cell anemia (SCA), and thalassemia, as well as conditions associated with the lack of certain blood components, such as iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Testing and analyzing for hematological disorders is intensive in terms of time, effort, and labor. Additionally, there is a higher chance of human error and variance during the manual examination and analysis of the test samples, depending on the expertise, skills, and experience of the examiner. Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI), such as Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms—such as Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), and Support Vector Machine (SVM)—have demonstrated the considerable contribution they could make to more rapid and accurate disease diagnosis, detection, and classification. An increasing number of hematological diseases are being diagnosed using AI techniques, which combine tabular and image data to eliminate human error, generate more precise results, and decrease the time required for diagnosis. This review discusses several widely utilized AI disease evaluation algorithms and their applicability to hematological disorders. Additionally, we highlight key challenges such as the lack of accessible clinical data, which inhibits the implementation of AI in the field of medicine.
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Phuc Van Pham, Editor-in-Chief
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